The influence of sustainable measures on runoff hydrograph from an urbanized drainage area
- Authors: Maja Štajdohar, Mitja Brilly, Mojca Šraj
- Citation: Acta hydrotechnica, vol. 29, no. 51, pp. 145-162, 2016.
- Abstract: Urbanization changes the characteristics of a drainage area and alters the components of the natural hydrologic cycle. Runoff volumes increase, storm water runs off more quickly and consequently peak flows increase. The hydrological modelling system HEC-HMS was used to evaluate the effectiveness of different sustainable measures that manage rainfall where it falls, in reducing runoff volumes and peak flows on a small drainage area in the city center of Ljubljana. The results demonstrate that sustainable measures are more effective in reducing runoff volumes and peak flows for smaller and more frequent rainfall events. In the case of events with a return period of one year or less, the runoff volumes and peak flows reduction was approximately 45 %. On the other hand, in the case of an event with 100-year return period, the reduction of runoff volume and peak flow was only 12 % and 10 %, respectively.
- Keywords: sustainable measures, runoff, urbanization, infiltration, green roofs, hydrological modelling system HEC-HMS
- Full text: a29ms2.pdf
- References:
- ARSO. (2009). Povratne dobe za ekstremne padavine po Gumbelovi metodi. Ljubljana, Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor, Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje, 67 str. http://meteo.arso.gov.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/table/sl/by_variable/precip-return-periods_2008.pdf (Pridobljeno 1. 10. 2015.)
- Brander, K.E., Owen, K.E., Potter, K.W. (2004). Modeled impacts of development type on runoff volume and infiltration performance. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 40(4), 961–969.
- Chow V.T. (1964). Runoff. V: Chow V.T. (ur.). Handbook of applied hydrology. New York: McGraw Hill, str. 20-1 do 20-43.
- CIRIA. (2015). The SuDS Manual. London, Construction Industry Research and Information Association, Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs, 888 str.
- Coffman, L.S. (2000). Low impact development design: a new paradigm for stormwater management mimicking and restoring the natural hydrologic regime. An alternative stormwater management technology. Prince George's County, Department of Environmental Resources, 10 str.
- Comprehensive Environmental Inc. (2012). Stormwater practices research project. Final report. Vermont, Vermont Agency of Transportation, 166 str.
- Damodaram, C., Giacomoni, M.H., Khedun, C.P., Holmes, H., Ryan, A., Saour, W., Zechman, E.M. (2010). Simulation of combined best management practices and low impact development for sustainable stormwater management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 46(5), 907–918.
- DWA-A-138E. (2005). Planning, construction and operation of facilities for the percolation of precipitation water. German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste, 60 str.
- Ellis, J.B., Viavattene, C. (2013). Sustainable urban drainage system modeling for managing urban surface water flood risk. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 42, 153–159.
- Emerson, C. H., Welty, C., Traver., R. (2005). Watershed-scale evaluation of a system of storm water detention basins. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 10(3), 237–242.
- EPA. (2000). Low Impact Development (LID). A literature review. NW, Washington, D.C., United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 35 str.
- Gilroy, K.L., McCuen. R.H. (2009). Spatio–temporal effects of low impact developement practicies. Journal of Hydrology 367(3-4), 228–236.
- GeoZS. (1992). Geotehnično poročilo o pogojih temeljenja in izgradnje objektov 9, 10(D), 11(E) ter garažne hiše na ustreznem območju ZN CO 5/3 zdravstveni dom v Ljubljani. Geološki zavod Ljubljana, Inštitut za geologijo, geotehniko in geofiziko, 13 str. (in Slovenian).
- GeoZS. (1995). Hidrogeološka karta. Geološki zavod Slovenije, Ljubljana.
- GURS. (2014). Ortofoto posnetek za območje MOL. Geodetski Zavod Slovenije.
- GURS. (2016). Prostor – prostorski portal RS. Geodetska uprava Republike Slovenije. http://prostor3.gov.si/javni/login.jsp?jezik=sl (Pridobljeno 19. 5. 2016.)
- Hawkins, R.H. (1993). Asymptotic determination of runoff curve numbers from data. Journal of Irrigation and Draiange Engineering 119(2), 334–345.
- Hollis, G.E. (1975). The effect of urbanization on floods of different recurrence interval. Water Resources Research 11(3), 431–434.
- Holman-Dodds, J.K., Bradley, A.A., Potter, K.V. (2003). Evaluation of hydrologic benefits of infiltration based urban storm water management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39(1), 205–215.
- Huang, S.-Y., Cheng, S.-J., Wen, J.-C., Lee, J.-H. (2012). Identifying hydrograph parameters and their relationships to urbanization variables. Hydrological Sciences Journal 57(1), 144–161.
- HydroCAD Software Solutions LLC. (2011). HydroCAD Stormwater Modeling System. Chocorua, HydroCAD Software Solutions LLC. http://www.hydrocad.net/ (Pridobljeno 30. 4. 2015.)
- IBE, d.d., Svetovanje projektiranje in inženiring d.d.. (2003). PGD št. JGAR.ME-D531/007A, Metelkova, Garaže v I. in II. kleti, atrij in skladiščni prostori v kleti. RS Ministrstvo za kulturo, 21 str. (in Slovenian).
- Jeon, J.H., Lim, K.J., Choi, D., Kim, T.D. (2010). Modeling the effects of Low Impact Developement on runoff and pollutant loads from an apartement complex. Environmental Engineering Research 15(3), 167–172.
- JP VO-KA. (2013). Kataster kanalizacije. Ljubljana, JP VODOVOD-KANALIZACIJA d.o.o.
- Juan, A., Fang, N., Bedient, P. (2013). Flood Improvement and LID Modeling Using XP-SWMM. Houston, Rice University, 11 str.
- Lim, K.J., Engel, B.A., Muthukrishnan, S., Harbor, J. (2006). Effects of initial abstraction and urbanization on estimated runoff using CN technology. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 42(3), 626–643.
- Low Impact Development Center, Inc. (2014). Urban Design Tools Website. Beltsville, Low Impact Development Center. http://www.lid-stormwater.net/index.html (Pridobljeno 22. 9. 2014.)
- LUZ d.d. (1996). PGD št. 4560, Poslovno apartmajski objekt. Investplan d.d., 54 str. (in Slovenian).
- LUZ d.d. (1999). PGD št. 4560/1 Objekt D1, območje urejanja CO 5/3 zdravstveni dom. Energoplan d.d., 30 str. (in Slovenian).
- MDE. (1983). Modelling infiltration practicies using the TR-20 hydrologic program. Baltimore, Maryland Department of the Environment, 15 str. http://www.mde.state.md.us/programs/Water/StormwaterManagementProgram/SoilErosionandSedimentControl/Documents/Modeling%20Infiltration%20wTR%2020.pdf (Pridobljeno 9. 5. 2015.)
- MDE. (2012). Stormwater Design Guidance – Addressing Quantity Control Requirements. Baltimore, Maryland Department of the Environment, 4 str. http://www.mde.state.md.us/programs/Water/StormwaterManagementProgram/SedimentandStormwaterHome/Documents/ESDMEP%20Quantity%20Management%20Design%20Guidance.pdf (Pridobljeno 10. 5. 2015.)
- Medvešček, T., Grmek, J. (2002). SPO-CO-1/5 Komenskega ul., faza 1.1 in 1.2, podzemna garaža, niz Komenskega. IMOS, Investicijske gradnje d.d., 22 str. (in Slovenian).
- National Research Council. (2009). Urban stormwater management in the United States. Washington, D.C., National Research Council, The National Academies Press, 513 str.
- Odlok o občinskem prostorskem načrtu Mestne občine Ljubljana – izvedbeni del. Uradni list RS št. 78/2010: 11441.
- Progres Slovenj Gradec, delovna organizacija za projektiranje in inženiring. (1990). PGD št. 894, Poslovni proizvodni objekat ISKRA COMMERCE. ISKRA COMMERCE Ljubljana, 7 str. (in Slovenian).
- Projektiva Gorica d.o.o. (1992). PGD št. 1403/P2. CO 5/3 Zdravstveni dom Ljubljana, objekt podzemni parking II. Faza. IMOS d.d., Ljubljana, 10 str. (in Slovenian).
- Projektivno konstrukcijski biro SGP Stavbenik Koper. (1983). PGD, PZI št. 83-33. Stanovanjski objekt L5 plinarna. IMOS Inženiring d.d., 7 str. (in Slovenian).
- Rose, K., Hodges, B.R. (2010). Evaluating the effects of low impact developement on Texas A&M University west campus. Center for Research in Water Resources, The University of Texas in Austin., 45 str.
- State of Delware. (2015). Delaware DNREC runoff reduction guidance document. Post construction stormwater management. State of Delware, 25 str.
- Štajdohar, M. (2016). Vpliv sonaravnih ukrepov na hidrogram odtoka z urbaniziranega prispevnega območja. Magistrsko delo, Univerza v Ljubljani, FGG, 115 str. (in Slovenian).
- Uredba o vodovarstvenem območju za vodno telo vodonosnika Ljubljanskega polja. Uradni list RS št. 43/2015: 4751.
- USACE. (2015). Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-HMS: HEC-HMS 4.1 for Windows. United States Army Corps of Engineers. http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-hms/documentation/HEC-HMS_Users_Manual_4.1.pdf (Pridobljeno 15. 6. 2015.)
- USDA. (1986). Urban hydrology for small watersheds, Technical release – 55. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Conservation Engineering Division, 164 str.
- Whiters, Ravenel. (2006). Wake County Stormwater Design Manual. Wake County, North Crolina. http://conservationsuccess.wikispaces.com/file/view/Wake+County+DRAFT_STORMWATER_MANUAL.pdf (Pridobljeno 10. 5. 2015.)
- Williams, E.S., Wise, W.R.. (2006). Hydrologic impacts of alternative approaches to storm water management and land developement. Journal of the Americam Water Resources Association 42(2), 443–455.
- Zakon o vodah. Uradni list RS št. 67/2002: 7648.
- Zomorodi, K. (2015). Curve number and groundwater recharge credits for LID facilities in New Jersey. http://dewberry.com/docs/default-source/documents/curve_number_and_groundwater_recharge_credits.pdf (Pridobljeno 10. 5. 2015.)