Analysis of groundwater levels in piezometers in the Vipava Valley
- Authors: Mateja Jelovčan, Mojca Šraj
- Citation: Acta hydrotechnica, vol. 33, no. 58, pp. 61-78, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2020.05
- Abstract: The Vipava Valley is a unique region in south-western Slovenia. In addition to surface water, groundwater is also important, although it is hidden from the eye. The paper presents an analysis of groundwater levels in piezometers in the Vipava Valley. The analysis was performed on 10 piezometers, which are still operating today, and includes a display of levels and basic statistics, correlations, the impact of distance from the Vipava riverbed, trends, and seasonality. According to the groundwater level, piezometers in the Vipava Valley can be divided into three groups. The first group with the highest levels includes piezometers Gradišče, Vipavski Križ, and Ajdovščina, the second group piezometers Prvačina, Šempeter, Volčja Draga, Renče, and Vrtojba, and the third group with the lowest groundwater levels includes the piezometers Miren and Orehovlje. The results of the analyses showed good or bad connections between groundwater levels in piezometers, as well as between groundwater levels and the Vipava River water level at various gauging stations. The fluctuation of the groundwater level is conditioned by the distance from the Vipava riverbed and the area’s geological or tectonic structure. An unambiguous trend of groundwater levels cannot be determined. The seasonality of groundwater level fluctuations is not pronounced, but the highest values of groundwater levels occur in autumn and winter, and the lowest in summer.
- Keywords: Vipava Valley, piezometers, groundwater level, statistical analysis
- Full text: a33mj.pdf
- References:
- Adrinek, S., Brenčič, M. (2019). Statistical analysis of groundwater drought on Dravsko-Ptujsko polje = Statistična analiza suše podzemne vode na primeru Dravsko-Ptujskega polja, Geologija 62/2, 251–266. https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2019.012
- Andjelov, M., Frantar, P., Mikulič, Z., Pavlič, U., Savić, V., Souvent, P., Trišić, N., Uran, J. (2015). Količinsko stanje podzemnih voda v Sloveniji, Osnove na NUV 2015–2021. Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor, Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje, Ljubljana, 64 str.
- ARSO (2020a). Arhiv podzemnih voda. http://vode.arso.gov.si/hidarhiv/pod_arhiv_tab.php (Pridobljeno 1. 3. 2020.)
- ARSO (2020b). Arhiv površinskih voda. http://vode.arso.gov.si/hidarhiv/pov_arhiv_tab.php (Pridobljeno 1.3.2020.)
- Baker, G., Petrič, M., Parkin, G., Kogovšek, J. (2001). Surface and groundwater interaction of the Bela Stream and Vipava Springs in Southwestern Slovenia = Medsebojni vpliv površinske in podzemne vode potoka Bele in izvirov Vipava v jugozahodni Sloveniji, Acta Carsologica 30/2, 217–238.
- Bat, M., Dolinar, M., Frantar, P., Hrvatin, M., Kobold, M., Kurnik, B., Nadbath, M., Ožura, V., Uhan, J., Ulaga, F. (2008). Vodna bilanca Slovenije 1971‒2000. Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor, Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje, Ljubljana, 119 str.
- Bezak, N., Horvat, A., Šraj, M. (2015). Analysis of flood events in Slovenian streams, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 63/2, 134–144. https://doi.org/10.1515/johh-2015-0014
- Brenčič, M. (2013). “Vode” v J. Pavšič, ur., Vipavska dolina: neživi svet, rastlinstvo, živalstvo, zgodovina, umetnostna zgodovina, gmotna kultura, gospodarstvo, naravovarstvo. Slovenska matica, Ljubljana, 19–37.
- Buser, S. (1973). Tolmač lista Gorice, OGK 1:100.000. Zvezni geološki zavod, Beograd, 50 str.
- Cerar, S., Mali, N. (2016). Assessment of presence, origin and seasonal variations of persistent organic pollutants in groundwater by means of passive sampling and multivariate statistical analysis, Journal of geochemical exploration 170, 78–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.08.016
- Forti, F. (1990). “Hidrološka in speleološka raziskovanja” v I. Trenc-Frelih, ur., Reka Timav – Podobe, zgodovina in ekologija kraške reke. Ljubljana, Mladinska knjiga, 209–237.
- Grgas, T., Blašković, V. (1988). Analiza korelacije vodostaja podzemne vode i Save, Rasprave 23, 109–113.
- Habič, P. (1982). Vipava karst springs and their background = Kraški izviri Vipave in njihovo zaledje, Acta Carsologica 11, 41–57.
- Kendall, M. G. (1975). Multivariate analysis. London: Griffin.
- Kladnik, D. (2013). »Geografski oris pokrajine« v J. Pavšič, ur., Vipavska dolina: neživi svet, rastlinstvo, živalstvo, zgodovina, umetnostna zgodovina, gmotna kultura, gospodarstvo, naravovarstvo. Slovenska matica, Ljubljana, 64–80.
- Omuto, C.T., Gumbe, L.O. (2009). Estimating water infiltration and retention characteristics using a computer program in R, Computers & Geosciences 35/3, 579–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.08.011
- Pavlič, U., Brenčič, M. (2011). Application of sequential trend analysis for discharge characterisation of Vipava karstic springs, Slovenia, Acta carsologica 40/2, 283–291. https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v40i2.13
- Pavšič, J. (2013). »Geološke razmere« v J. Pavšič, ur., Vipavska dolina: neživi svet, rastlinstvo, živalstvo, zgodovina, umetnostna zgodovina, gmotna kultura, gospodarstvo, naravovarstvo. Slovenska matica, Ljubljana, 11–18.
- Petek, M., Kobold, M., Šraj, M. (2015). Analiza nizkih pretokov vodotokov v Sloveniji z uporabo programa R in paketa lfstat = Low-flow analysis of streamflows in Slovenia using R software and lfstat package, Acta Hydrotechnica 27/46, 13–28. (In Slovenian)
- Petrič, M. (2000). Značilnosti odnosa med napajanjem in preznjenjem kraškega vodonosnika v zaledju izvirov Vipave (Slovenija) = Characteristics of the recharge-discharge relation of the karst aquifer in the background of the Vipava springs (Slovenia), Acta carsologica 29/2, 271–292. https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v29i2.466
- Petrič, M., Ravbar, N., Gostinčar, P., Krsnik, P., Gacin, M. (2020). GIS database of groundwater flow characteristics in carbonate aquifers: Tracer test inventor from Slovenian karst, Applied Geography 118, 102191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102191
- Placer, L. (2008). Vipavski prelom, Geologija 51/1, 101–105. https://doi:10.5474/geologija.2008.011
- R Core Team (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
- Ravnik, J. (2002). Vpliv nivoja gladine Drave na tok podzemne vode. Zbornik referatov 13. Mišičev vodarski dan, Maribor, 92–98.
- Sapač, K., Rusjan, S., Šraj, M. (2019). Vpliv računskih kriterijev na vrednosti recesijskih konstant nizkih pretokov v nehomogenem porečju v Sloveniji = Influence of calculation criteria on the values of low-flow recession constants in a non-homogenous catchment in Slovenia, Acta hydrotechnica 32/56, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2019.01
- Sapač, K., Rusjan, S., Šraj, M. (2020). Assessment of consistency of low-flow indices of a hydrogeologically non-homogeneous catchment: A case study of the Ljubljanica river catchment, Slovenia, Journal of Hydrology 583, 124621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124621
- Serianz, L., Cerar, S., Šraj, M. (2020). Hydrogeochemical characterization and determination of natural background levels (NBL) in groundwater within the main lithological units in Slovenia, Environmental earth sciences 79, 373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09112-1
- Šraj, M., Bezak, N., Brilly, M. (2012). Vpliv izbire metode na rezultate verjetnostnih analiz konic, volumnov in trajanj visokovodnih valov Save v Litiji = The influence of the choice of method on the results of frequency analysis of peaks, volumes and durations of flood waves of the Sava River in Litija, Acta hydrotechnica 25/42, 41–58. (In Slovenian).
- Tavagnutti, M. (2011). Giovanni Fortunato Bianchini e le prime ricerche sul Timavo sotterraneo nell’antica Contea di Gorizia. Presentation at the XXI Congresso Nazionale di Speleologia, Trieste, 497¬–505. (In Italian).
- Trišić, N. (1987). Hidrogeologija Vipavske doline. Unpublished diploma thesis. Univerza Edvarda Kardelja v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za naravoslovje in tehnologijo, 53 p. (in Slovenian).
- Uhan J., Krajnc, M. (2003). “Podzemna voda” v J. Uhan, M. Bat, ur., Vodno bogastvo Slovenije, ARSO, Ljubljana, 55–67.
- Urbanc, J., Jamnik, B. (2002). Izotopske raziskave vodnih virov Ljubljanskega barja = Isotopic investigations of the Ljubljansko barje water resources, Geologija 45/2, 589-594.
- Zupančič, N. (2013). Statistika v geologiji 1. Univerzitetni učbenik. Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za geologijo, Ljubljana, 172 p.