Assessment of water quality and heavy metal pollution in leachate from municipal dumping ground located in Deepor Beel, a Ramsar site
Ocena kakovosti in onesnaženosti s težkimi kovinami izcedne vode z odlagališča komunalnih odpadkov na območju ramsarskega območja Deepor Beel
- Avtorji: Ranjit Kakati, Keshob Jyoti Borah, Dipankar Borah, Queen Saikia, Ajit Hazarika
- Citat: Acta hydrotechnica, vol. 37, no. 66, pp. 1-26, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2024.01
- Povzetek: Komunalni odpadki so odpadki iz gospodinjstev, industrije, gradbeništva in rušenja objektov ter institucionalni in komercialni odpadki, ki jih zbira občina in odlaga na določenem odlagališču. Na revnih mestnih območjih se velik del izcedne vode brez čiščenja odvaja neposredno v najbližje vodno telo. Odlagališče Boragaon se nahaja v vzhodnem delu naravnega rezervata Deepor Beel, edinega ramsarskega območja v Assamu, na severovzhodu Indije. To odlagališče komunalnih odpadkov izpušča izcedne vode neposredno v Deepor Beel, kar povečuje koncentracijo strupenih snovi v vodi. V tej raziskavi so bili s standardnimi metodami ocenjeni parametri kakovosti vode in koncentracije težkih kovin (električna prevodnost, skupne raztopljene trdne snovi, motnost, pH, Na+, K+, Cl-, F-, biokemijska potreba po kisiku, raztopljeni kisik, SO42-, PO43- , NO3-, As, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ni, Pb in Zn) v vodi na iztoku iz odlagališča Boragaon v Deepor Beel v obdobju enega leta. Ugotovljeni rezultati so bili precej presenetljivi, saj so bile ugotovljene zelo visoke vrednosti električne prevodnosti (8740±120 µScm-1), motnosti (693±1 NTU), biokemijske potrebe po kisiku (458,6±1,86 mg/L), skupnih raztopljenih trdnih snovi (917,4±2. 23 mg/L), K (53,9±0,24 mg/L), Cl- (502,28±2,96 mg/L), Al (7,21±0,06 mg/L), As (129,42±0,22 µg/L), Ni (0,102±0,002 mg/L) in Pb (32,4±1 µg/L). Te velike vrednosti fizikalno-kemijskih parametrov in visoke koncentracije težkih kovin v vodi lahko škodljivo vplivajo na ekološke združbe na območju Deepor Beel in okoliško prebivalstvo. To območje, zaščiteno v okviru Ramsarske konvencije, potrebuje takojšnjo rešitev, kot je odstranitev odlagališča in boljše ravnanje z obstoječimi odpadki, da se odpravi slabšanje kakovosti vode – sicer bo v desetih letih prenehalo obstajati.
- Ključne besede: Assam, izcedne vode z odlagališč, ravnanje z odpadki, fizikalno-kemijski parametri, toksičnost, mokrišče.
- Polno besedilo: a37rk.pdf
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