Measures to Reduce Antropogenic Noise in the Sea
Ukrepi za zmanjševanje antropogenega hrupa v morju
- Avtorji: Andreja Popit
- Citat: Acta hydrotechnica, vol. 38, no. 69, pp. 147-162, 2025. https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2025.10
- Povzetek: Namen te študije je bil pregled ukrepov za zmanjšanje antropogenega podvodnega hrupa v evropskih državah. Metodologija za pregled literature je temeljila na specifičnih ključnih besedah, opisanih v članku. Izbirna merila za vključitev (in izključitev) študij so temeljila na podvodnem hrupu, ki ga povzročajo antropogene dejavnosti (npr. udarno zabijanje pilotov, seizmične raziskave, pomorski promet) v morju. Najpomembnejši operativni ukrep za zmanjšanje kontinuirnega hrupa zaradi ladijskega prometa je zmanjšanje hitrosti ladij. Najpogosteje uporabljena ukrepa za zmanjšanje impulznega hrupa zaradi udarnega zabijanja pilotov in uporabe eksploziva so zavese iz zračnih mehurčkov in vodni dušilci zvoka, medtem ko je pri impulznem hrupu zaradi seizmičnih raziskav ključni ukrep uporaba nizkofrekvenčnih akustičnih virov. Nacionalni pristopi (npr. v Nemčiji, Sloveniji, Franciji, na Nizozemskem, Danskem) in regionalne usmeritve (HELCOM, OSPAR, ACCOBAMS, IMO, CMS) kažejo visoko stopnjo skladnosti glede priporočenih tehnologij in okoljskih praks za zmanjšanje podvodnega hrupa. Za doseganje dobrega okoljskega stanja po Okvirni direktivi o morski strategiji (2008/56/ES) je ključna uskladitev ukrepov za zmanjšanje hrupa med evropskimi državami. Ukrepi za zmanjšanje podvodnega hrupa, ki so usklajeni z mednarodnimi smernicami, nacionalnimi poročili in znanstveno literaturo, in so bili pregledani v tem članku, predstavljajo osnovo za oblikovanje nacionalnih programov ukrepov in regulativnih okvirov za upravljanje podvodnega hrupa v morskem okolju.
- Ključne besede: Antropogeni podvodni hrup, zmanjšanje hrupa, zmanjšanje hitrosti ladij, velike zavese iz zračnih mehurčkov, vodni dušilci zvoka, predpisi in politike glede podvodnega hrupa.
- Polno besedilo: a38ap.pdf
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