Floods: Emerging concepts and persisting challenges – Poplave: novi koncepti in trajni izzivi
Poplave: novi koncepti in trajni izzivi
- Avtorji: Ognjen Bonacci, Ana Žaknić-Ćatović, Tanja Roje-Bonacci
- Citat: Acta hydrotechnica, vol. 37, no. 67, pp. 121-135, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15292/acta.hydro.2024.07
- Povzetek: Poplave že od nekdaj predstavljajo resno tveganje za človeško družbo in okolje ter povzročajo veliko humanitarno, okoljsko in gospodarsko škodo. V zadnjih desetletjih se je pogostost poplavnih dogodkov po svetu znatno povečala. Sodobni pristopi k obvladovanju poplavnih tveganj vključujejo zaščito infrastrukture, učinkovito upravljanje virov in zavarovalniške sheme. Vendar pa so zaščitni mehanizmi učinkoviti le, če temeljijo na zanesljivih znanstvenih metodah in interdisciplinarnem sodelovanju. Učinkovito odločanje zahteva raznolike in celovite podatke, ki pa pogosto niso na voljo. Paradoksalno je, da imajo lahko nekateri zaščitni ukrepi nasprotni učinek, saj včasih povzročijo več škode, kot če bi poplavnim vodam pustili slediti naravnim potem. Članek ponuja poglobljeno analizo upravljanja poplavnih ravnic in sistemov nasipov pri obvladovanju poplavnih tveganj. Obravnava tudi pristope, kot so koncepti »prostor za reko«, naravne rešitve in pobude za obnovo rek za zmanjšanje posledic poplav. Kot študija primera je predstavljen Jubilee Bypass Channel, umetna reka, zasnovana za zaščito delov Londona pred poplavami. Na koncu članek ugotavlja, da poplavni zaščitni sistem, ki bi bil popolnoma brez tveganja, ni dosegljiv cilj. Kljub temu poplave prinašajo ekološke koristi, zlasti v smislu izboljšanja biotske raznovrstnosti in rodovitnosti tal. Študija ponuja pregled različnih strategij za nadzor poplav, inovativnih konceptov in mednarodnih pobud za zmanjšanje škode zaradi poplav in zaščito človeških življenj.
- Ključne besede: Poplava, poplavna ravnica, nasip, nadzor poplav, koncept »prostor za reko«, reka Jubilee.
- Polno besedilo: a37ob.pdf
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